About

Amenorrhea  is the absence of menstruation, often defined as missing one or more menstrual periods.

Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation in someone who has not had a period by age 15.

Secondary amenorrhea refers to the absence of three or more periods in a row by someone who has had periods in the past.

Symptoms:-

Depending on the cause of amenorrhea, you might experience other signs or symptoms along with the absence of periods, such as:

• Milky nipple discharge
• Hair loss
• Headache
• Vision changes
• Excess facial hair
• Pelvic pain
• Acne
• Hot flushes
• Vaginal dryness

Causes:-

Amenorrhea can occur for a variety of reasons. Some are normal, while others may be a side effect of medication or a sign of a medical problem.

1.Natural Amenorrhoea:-

During the normal course of your life, you may experience amenorrhea for natural reasons, such as:

• Pregnancy
• Breastfeeding
• Menopause

2. Contraceptives

3.Medications:-

Certain medications can cause menstrual periods to stop, including some types of:

• Antipsychotics
• Cancer chemotherapy
• Antidepressants
• Blood pressure drugs
• Allergy medications

4.Lifestyle Factors:-

Sometimes lifestyle factors contribute to amenorrhea, for instance:

• Low body weight.
• Excessive exercise
•  

5. Hormonal Imbalance:-

Many types of medical problems can cause hormonal imbalance, including:

• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
• Thyroid malfunction.
• Pituitary tumor.
• Premature menopause.

6.Structural Problems:-

Problems with the sexual organs themselves also can cause amenorrhea. Examples include:

• Uterine scarring.
• Lack of reproductive organs.

Structural abnormality of the vagina. 

About:-

Dysmenorrhoea is the term used to describe painful periods.

Period pain from your first period or shortly after, and without a known cause, is known as primary dysmenorrhoea.

 Period pain caused by certain reproductive disorders, such as adenomyosis, endometriosis or fibroids, is known as secondary dysmenorrhoea. 

Symptoms:-

Symptoms of dysmenorrhoea can include:

• pain low in the abdomen that can spread to the lower back and legs
• pain that is gripping or experienced as a constant ache, or a combination of both.

Typically:

• the pain starts when the period starts, or earlier
• the first 24 hours may be the most painful
• clots may be passed in the menstrual blood.

Dysmenorrhoea can be associated with:

• Headaches. 
• Tiredness.
• Faintness.
• Breast tenderness.
• Feeling sick (nausea).
• Bloating. 
• Diarrhoea.
• Feeling emotional or tearful.

Causes:-

Primary Dysmenorrhoea:- Cause is often not clear.

Secondary dysmenorrhoea:-

A problem of the womb or pelvis sometimes causes painful periods. For example:

• Endometriosis
• Fibroids
• Pelvic inflammatory diseases
• Adenomyosis
• Cervical stenosis

About:-

Menorrhagia is the medical term for menstrual periods with abnormally heavy or      prolonged bleeding.

“Heavy” means that your period lasts longer than seven days or that you lose more blood than is typical during menstruation.

Symptoms:-

Signs and symptoms of menorrhagia may include:

• Soaking through one or more sanitary pads or tampons every hour for several consecutive hours
• Needing to use double sanitary protection to control your menstrual flow
• Needing to wake up to change sanitary protection during the night
• Bleeding for longer than a week
• Passing blood clots larger than a quarter
• Restricting daily activities due to heavy menstrual flow
• Symptoms of anemia, such as tiredness, fatigue or shortness of breath

Causes:-

In some cases, the cause of heavy menstrual bleeding is unknown, but a number of conditions may cause menorrhagia. Common causes include:

• Hormone imbalance:- A number of conditions can cause hormone imbalances, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, insulin resistance and thyroid problems.
• Dysfunction of the ovaries.
• Uterine fibroids.
• Polyps
• Adenomyosis
• Intrauterine devices
• Pregnancy complications.
• Cancer
• Inherited bleeding disorders.
• Certain medications, including anti-inflammatory medications, hormonal medications such as estrogen and progestins, and anticoagulants such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) or enoxaparin (Lovenox), can contribute to heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
• Other medical conditions.A number of other medical conditions, including liver or kidney disease, may be associated with menorrhagia.